The effective usage of HRM principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The effective usage of HRM principles - Essay Example The importance of HRM has already been recognised by virtually any company which follows western standards of business. It is clear that its performance depends not only on hard and attenuating work of its personnel, but also on the "human side" of the employees, their competence, motivation, attitudes, communication and other variables: "HRM is the core of company's general efficiency and the basis for effective management" (Gunnigle et al, 2002: 12). In a similar vein Beardwell (2003: 15) believes that despite the visible simplicity, the area of HRM is exceptionally complex due to potentially unpredictable nature of human resources. If a company fails to properly and effectively manage its human resources in the right areas of the business, at the right time and at the right cost, serious inefficiencies are likely to arise creating considerable operational difficulties and likely business failure (Beardwell, 2003). Originally emerged in 1960s, the paradigm of HRM relied, however, on previous researches and findings of organizational scientists. As Alan Price (2000: 62) states the concept of HRM "...hasn't come out of nowhere" as there is a long history of attempts to achieve an understanding of human behaviour in the workplace. Throughout the whole XX century and even earlier both practitioners and scholars attempted to design the theories explaining human behaviour at work and the ways to raise its effectiveness. A number of organizational theories brought to life the principles of HRM in 1960s-1970s. Though many of modern HRM principles have been already developed by this time, the year of HRM "official birth" is 1981 when Harvard Business School introduced a course that served a blueprint for global spread of human resource planning and management (Price, 2000: 64). A good insight into the value of HR related programs is provided by Schuler (1990: 52-54). He emphasizes that the HR function had an opportunity to shift from being an "employee advocate" (associated with personnel management) to a "member of the management team". Schuler's (1990) view was that this required HR professionals to be concerned with the bottom line, profits, organizational effectiveness and business survival. In other words, human resource issues should be addressed as business issues. It is noteworthy that emergence of HRM chimed with decay of heavy industry and development of sophisticated IT business. Storey (2001: 18-34) believes that emergence of HRM contributed greatly to an ever-greatest since industrial revolution shift in the principles of management. HRM encouraged both managers and employees to get rid of traditional patterns of interaction, outdated ideas of motivation, stereotypes, assessment and appraisal. Managers as well stop being the mentors and executioners and turned to be the members of business teams. Introduction of HRM principle has made modern companies more competitive, dynamic and people-friendly that consequently influenced their efficiency and marketability. Storey (2001: 18) argues that HRM caused what was later called "a new managerialism" - a new look on organization, the ways it functions and succeeds and the way its employees work. Regardless of global recognition of HRM, many managers are still

Oral Manifestations of Syphilis

Oral Manifestations of Syphilis Reanna Munn Dawn Vincent Introduction Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infectious disease caused by the spirochete microorganism Treponema pallidum (MedlinePlus, 2014). According to Ficarra and Carlos, syphilis, compared to other sexually transmitted diseases, is easily contracted by any close contact with an infectious lesion, this includes oral sex and kissing. The bacterium enters the lymphatic and blood stream spreading through many organs along with the central nervous system (2009). The population with the highest risk in contracting syphilis is young adults between ages 15-25 (MedlinePlus, 2014). Syphilis has been around for a long time and has manifested itself in a plethora of ways. â€Å"Syphilis evolves through a series of four overlapping stages commonly known as primary syphilis, secondary syphilis, latent syphilis, and tertiary syphilis† (Ficarra Carlos, 2009). Each stage of syphilis has recognizable manifestations. Ficarra and Carlos showed that the primary stage of syphilis is also known as syphilis chancre and this occurs at the site of infection. The majority of the extra-genital chancre are found in the mouth (45-75%) but can occur on any body part such as the hands of health care workers. The Secondary stage of syphilis develops within 2-12 weeks from the initial contact with the bacterium. This stage is easy to diagnose but can also be confused with other skin diseases. Following secondary is the latent period which does not show any clinical signs or symptoms of syphilis. The tertiary stage is where long term complications come along (2009). â€Å"The presence of oral manifestations may be a feature of all stages of syphilis and often may be its first clinical manifestations†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Singh Patil, 2013). Oral Manifestations of Syphilis Oral manifestations are viewed in about 4-12% of patients with primary syphilis and appear at the area where the bacteria entered into the mucosa. Common sites are the tongue, gingiva, soft palate and lips (Ficarra Carlos, 2009). â€Å"Typical mucous membrane lesions tend to be oval, serpiginous, raised erosions or ulcers with an erythematosus border. There is an overlying gray or silver membrane† (Singh Patil, 2013). Comparing primary oral lesions to secondary, primary lesions are few and painless whereas secondary are usually painful and multiple (Singh Patil, 2013). â€Å"The oral manifestations of secondary syphilis are more extensive and/or variable. Mucous patches are highly infectious since they contain vast number of organisms† (Bhovi, Gupta, Devi Pachauri, 2014). The common sites to find secondary lesions are the soft palate and pillars, tongue, and vestibular mucosa. Often pharyngitis, tonsillitis and laryngitis are associated with secondary syphilis (Fica rra Carlos, 2009). Case studies, done by Bhovi et al. (2014) and Singh and Patil (2009), both discovered rare manifestations where syphilis oral lesions were present without any other signs or symptoms. â€Å"There are only few reports of secondary syphilis presenting with isolated oral lesions† (Bhovi et al. 2014). Bhovi et al. also stated that â€Å"Isolated oral ulcerations in secondary syphilis are unusual.† (2014). In the case Singh and Patil were studying, they found a â€Å"[R]are presentation of localized oral lesions of secondary syphilis for 15 days with the absence of skin lesions† (2009). It was found that both cases present the rarity of syphilis manifesting itself in the oral cavity on its own. â€Å"Tertiary syphilis manifests itself in the oral cavity as gumma localized mainly in the hard palate† (Ficarra Carlos, 2009). Ficarra and Carlos also stated how there is not much research regarding oral syphilis and this is most likely because of its anomaly of oral manifestations (2009). MedlinePlus (2014) found â€Å"Symptoms of tertiary syphilis depend on which organs have been affected.† Diagnosis Singh and Patil (2013) concluded that â€Å"Many patients infected with venereal diseases have oral manifestations, but very few dentists and physicians have the proper experience to diagnose syphilis or other STDs from oral lesions.† This raises the risks of the diseases being transferred if the health care workers are pre-exposed to the lesions unaware of what they are from. There are tests and exams that the doctor or nurse may do to diagnose syphilis. MedlinePlus (2014) listed the tests as â€Å"Examination of fluid from sore†, â€Å"Echocardiogram, aortic angiogram, and cardiac catheterization to look at the major blood vessels and heart†, â€Å"Spinal tap and examination of spinal fluid†, and â€Å"Blood tests to screen for syphilis bacteria†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Treatment According to MedlinePlus (2014), â€Å"Syphilis can be cured if it is diagnosed early and completely treated.† Ficarra and Carlos (2009) stated â€Å"Benzathine penicillin G or aqueous penicillin G remains the drug of choice for all forms of syphilis.† For patients that are allergic to penicillin, â€Å"Oral tetracyclines are also effective in the treatment of syphilis†¦ (Ficarra Carlos, 2009).† â€Å"Tetracycline, 500mg, orally four times daily for 14days, or doxycycline 100mg orally twice for 14 days†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ficarria Carlos, 2009). MedlinePlus (2014) notified â€Å"Length of treatment depends on how severe the syphilis is, and factors such as the patient’s overall health.† Conclusion After researching syphilis, the importance of being able to recognize the disease in the early stages is amplified not only for the individual who obtains it, but for the others who are potentially exposed to it. It is clear from my findings that syphilis has a variety of manifestations at once and it is very interesting to further learn about the rare cases of syphilis occurring only in the mouth. The four stages change very drastically from painless, to painful, to asymptomatic, to lethal. Again, emphasising the importance to seek treatment before it is beyond curable. Since there are many oral manifestations of syphilis dental professionals should be aware of what they may come in contact with. The transfer from the oral cavity to the health care workers hand is an entry way for the disease to be contracted. It is imperative to always take full precautions in any disease or disorder in the oral cavity and treat every patient with that potential. References Bhovi, T. V., Gupta, M., Devi, P., Pachauri, A. (2014). An unusual manifestation of secondary syphilis: A case report. Journal Of Indian Academy Of Oral Medicine Radiology, 26(4), 436-438. doi:10.4103/0972-1363.155642 Ficarra, G., Carlos, R. (2009). Syphilis: The Renaissance of an Old Disease with Oral Implications.Head and Neck Pathology,3(3), 195–206. doi:10.1007/s12105-009-0127-0 MedlinePlus. (2014). Syphilis – Primary. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000861.htm Singh, P. V., Patil, R. (2013). Atypical oral manifestations in secondary syphilis. Indian Journal Of Dental Research, 24(1), 142-144. doi:10.4103/0970-9290.114928

Baden-Powell :: essays research papers

Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell, more affectionately known as "B.-P.", was born in London, England, on February 22, 1857. At the age of 12 he received a scholarship from Charterhouse School, one of England's famous public schools. The school was then located in London, but it soon moved to Godalming in Surrey. There were some woods just outside the school, these were "out- of-bounds" for the pupils. It was here that B.-P. practised stalking wildlife. He is said to have snared rabbits and cooked them over a small fire so that smoke didn't give him away to the school masters. (This was to be valuable training for later in his career.) Choosing a military career, B.-P. served in campaigns in India, Afghanistan and South Africa. He became world famous during the Boer War for the defense of Mafeking, a small town in South Africa. With 800 men, he was besieged by a force of 9,000 Boer soldiers. His small force held out against these immense odds for 217 days -- until a relief column of British soldiers arrived. At Mafeking B.-P. organized his "Messenger Cadets". Trained in efficiency, obedience and smartness, they performed many tasks -- relieving soldiers for active defense of the town. After the Boer War, B.-P. organized the South African Constabulary and designed a uniform for them that later became the basic Boy Scout uniform. While still in Africa, B.-P. wrote "Aids to Scouting" -- a manual designed to train soldiers to become army scouts. Many youth and organizations in Britain used ideas from this manual as the basis of adventurous programs. He discussed this matter with Sir William Smith, the founder of the Boy's Brigade, and other leading youth workers. He planned a camp to test his program ideas. The camp was held from July 25 to August 9 in 1907 on Brownsea Island. The "Scoutmaster" was Lt.-Gen. Robert Baden- Powell. His assistants were B.W. Green, H. Robson and P.W. Everett. The camp was a tremendous success. Based on this experiment B.-P. wrote his book "Scouting for Boys" which was published in 6 parts starting in January, 1908. It has been printed in many editions -- the current edition is the last one edited by B.-P. By the end of 1908 this book was translated into five other languages. The sketches in the book were all done by B.-P. -- most of them based on his own exciting career. In 1909, King Edward VII, who had taken a great deal of interest in this new Movement, made the founder a Knight in recognition of his work for boys. At this time B.-P. was Inspector General of

Global Business Plan: Taskrabbit Essay

Task Rabbit is an online and mobile marketplace that connects people to accomplish certain tasks. Some may be tedious, such as errand running and others maybe be more engaging, like planning a large event. Their â€Å"network of background checked TaskRabbits can handle everything from laundry to graphic design,† (â€Å"About†). Thus far, the company engages in the domestic service market only. Subsequently, the following global business plan was developed to illustrate how Task Rabbit can enter the international business arena, starting in Australia. This plan will demonstrate why, in time, it is good idea for Task Rabbit to seek out the foreign market in an attempt to sell these services. Some of the key points it will cover are: the potential competitors currently in the Australian market, influential demographic trends, and geographic, economic and cultural factors that could influence this global business opportunity. There has been a multitude of personal concierges popping up in Australia since the early 2000’s. Professionals are busy people and time is everyone’s most valuable asset. Thus, it is the only thing we cannot buy, until now. Some of the potential competitors that Task Rabbit will face are: One Concierge, Someone Lifestyle Services and Concierge Connections. All of these companies are based in Sydney or Melborne but will service the whole area of Australia. Task Rabbit will overcome any barriers having to do with these competitors because their operations are slightly different from the rest. They allow the client to post the task or errand that needs to be completed and Task Rabbit â€Å"employees† bid on the job and the client can choose which person they want to go with. They can choose based on the reputation of the person or by the cost of their quote. It gives the clients options, which empowers them and puts in control. Australia currently does not have a service-based business like this, so Task Rabbit would thrive for this reason only. Not only does Task Rabbit grant the client power, they have had so much success in the United States since their inception so their positive image will serve as a benefit to them as well. When one is attempting to enter into the international business arena it is important to look at any demographic trends that could influence the success and effectiveness of the organization. Utilizing a personal concierge can be viewed as a luxury service, and it is to most people. Some people in Australia may not be able to afford this service, but when the overall demographics of Australia are observed, it is clear that there is a market for this type of personalized concierge service. About 54% of Australia is made up of individuals ages 25-64 years of age and these are the majority of the people who would be using Task Rabbit (Australia). The following graph shows some of the wealth and distribution of Australia (â€Å"Australian†). It also notes that the median household income and net worth is comparable to that of the American median household income. This is another good indication that Task Rabbit has the potential to succeed in Australia given it has flourished thus far in the United States. The Australian economy is a capitalist nation and is a large driver and support for entrepreneurship and innovation. The growth of their economy can partly be attributed to entrepreneurs who have created many jobs with their start up companies. With all these jobs and more people having less time to take care of their personal and administrative tasks, warrants a need for additional help. This claim further solidifies why Task Rabbit will be profitable in Australia. Variables one must examine when looking at geographic factors are mostly natural resources and the distance from world markets (Willkie). Fortunately, Australia is a developed nation and they have roadways and infrastructure to allow Task Rabbit to be successful. Furthermore, natural resources will not have any bearing on the success of Task Rabbit. As previously stated, the culture of Australia is highly innovative with a entrepreneurial business acumen. This is why their culture will lend a hand in the success of the Task Rabbit venture. Australians are receptive to new businesses developing around them and are willing to try new things. In the United States, Task Rabbit has set a high standard for delivering quality service to its customers. Part of Task Rabbit’s purpose is â€Å"connecting busy people who need a little extra time with entrepreneurial people who need a little extra money. It’s an elegant, singular solution to two big problems. Participating in the TaskRabbit community provides people on both sides of the marketplace with the resources and freedom to do what they love,† (â€Å"About†). Task Rabbit is booming in the United States and it seems as though there is a willing market in Australia, which seems simply enough it has a great chance of success in Australia. There would be many challenges Task Rabbit would face if they were to seek out the foreign market. Despite those challenges, I believe Task Rabbit will succeed based on the success and support they have received in the United States. The market in Australia demonstrates a need for this service-based business and it is auspicious time for Task Rabbit to capitalize on.

Different Between Vietnam and Us

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN VIETNAM AND THE U. S I am an immigrant person who came to the U. S under family sponsorship. Living here for 4 years, I have learned a lot of interesting things in this country. There are so many differences between Vietnam and the U. S as relationship, weather, religion, fashion, language†¦. but the most three obvious differences between them are country size, education system and culture. Country size is a great difference between these countries. Vietnam is very small country that has S shape .It is bother to the North by China and to the East by Lao and Cambodia. The total land of Vietnam is only 127,276 square miles . it is lightly larger than New Mexico stare of America. On another hand, the United States is the third largest country in the world, which has 3,536,274 square miles. It is located in North America between Canada and Mexico. Another difference is education system between these countries. Vietnamese students face with more difficult than U. S students. They have to wear uniform going to school.They should obey and show respect to their teachers. Tuition in Vietnam is very high. Parents have to pay for their children. Government doesn’t help for poor people attending school. In the contract, the U. S education system is more comfortable. Students can wear whatever they want to school. In class ,they can say what they think in their mind, discuss equally with their teacher. Government pays all tuition for students form fist grate to the twelve grade . After graduating form college , they have more opportunities to get a job .Today more people around the world come to the U. S to have better education The last obvious difference between Vietnam and The U. S is culture. Vietnam’s culture is suffered form China. There are two to there generations living together in the same house. Man is leader in the family, which has more power. They go out working and doing business while woman in Vietnam stay home, take ca re family. Children must listen to their parents. Unmarried people living together is unacceptable . However, American culture is pposite and it was strange to me when I came here . Man and woman are equally. American families are smaller. Adult people like to move out living with their friends when they finish high school . Children can decide what they want to do . They are independent from their parents . Man and woman can live together without getting married In conclusion, Vietnam and the U. S have a lot of differences. I cannot tell which one is better because each country has advances and disadvances. It depend on each person’s life so they can choose where is the best for them .